Sexual Health STIs Herpes Living With Herpes Tips for Coping and Living Well By Elizabeth Boskey, PhD Updated on June 28, 2023 Medically reviewed by Peter Weiss, MD Print Table of Contents View All Table of Contents Education Partner Notification Dealing With Stigma Prevention Pregnancy and Family Seeking Support It can be distressing to be diagnosed with genital herpes, not only because of the pain and discomfort outbreaks can cause but also because of the stigma many people feel after learning they have an incurable sexually transmitted infection (STI). Living with herpes has its challenges, but with treatment, education, support, and lifestyle choices, you can maintain a healthy and normal life. Nusha Ashjaee / Verywell This article offers advice on how to cope with a genital herpes diagnosis, including ways to overcome stigma and disclose your status to others. It also discusses ways to prevent the spread of the virus through sex and pregnancy. Can a Cold Sore Cause Genital Herpes? Herpes Education If you've been diagnosed with genital herpes, try not to panic. You were probably diagnosed because you experienced a first outbreak, also known as the primary infection. It's important to understand that the first outbreak is often the worst. And, by experiencing an outbreak, you can recognize the early signs if another were to occur. After your diagnosis, your healthcare provider will prescribe antiviral drugs to bring the virus under control. It is important to understand how to take and store the drugs, including when to dispose of expired drugs. To begin normalizing herpes in your life, it is important to educate yourself. Ask your healthcare provider questions and seek quality educational materials to better understand: What herpes is How herpes spreads The early signs of a herpes outbreak When to start treatment to reduce the severity and duration of outbreaks How to prevent herpes sores from getting infected When daily suppressive therapy may be needed to control frequent outbreaks How to prevent the spread of the virus to others Verywell / Emily Roberts Is It a Cold Sore or Herpes? Partner Notification Although you may be encouraged to notify sexual partners of your diagnosis, genital herpes is generally not a notifiable disease. This refers to diseases that healthcare providers are required to report to their state or local health department. Examples of notifiable diseases include lead poisoning, hepatitis A, chlamydia, and syphilis. Notifying sexual partners allows them to get tested and seek treatment if needed, which helps reduce the further spread of infection. If you are uncomfortable with notifying a sexual partner, you can ask your healthcare provider to do so for you or with you. With that said, not everyone with HSV-2 gets symptoms. This is referred to as an asymptomatic infection, meaning that you have the virus without the outbreak. Even so, they can still pass the virus to others through a process called asymptomatic viral shedding. Asymptomatic shedding occurs when HSV-2 accumulates on the skin without any outward symptoms. This can happen at any time, and there is no way to predict when shedding might start. Most people get herpes through asymptomatic shedding. Disclosing Your Status Telling your partner you have genital herpes may be one of the hardest things about living with the virus. Whether you've been together for years or the relationship is new, the conversation can be difficult. Still, it is one you need to have. To prepare for the discussion, it's important to be comfortable with all relevant information about herpes. This includes knowing how herpes is transmitted and ways to reduce the risk of transmission. Short of violence and abuse, accept that any emotional reaction is possible and try not to take the reaction too personally. If needed, give your partner a day or two to wrap their heads around the news before bombarding them with too much information. Whether you've been together for years or are just starting a new relationship, recommend that your partner get tested—not only for herpes but for other STIs as well. Recommended STI Screenings The following STI screenings are recommended in the United States: All sexually active people between the ages of 13 and 64 are advised to get an HIV test as part of a routine medical visit. All sexually active females under 25 should be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia every year. All sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) should be tested at least once yearly for HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. By knowing the status of both partners, couples can use safer sex strategies to protect each other and seek treatment for the STIs that can be cured. How to Tell a Partner You Have Herpes Dealing With Stigma When you are first diagnosed with genital herpes, you may want to find someone to blame. Try to resist this impulse. Most people with herpes don't have any symptoms, so your partner may not realize that they are infectious and a carrier of the disease. It is important to recognize that blame is at the heart of herpes stigma. People are often called "promiscuous," "irresponsible," or "dirty" for getting an STI. By seeking to blame others, you are perpetuating the stigma. In the end, herpes is a virus. Yes, it is spread by sexual contact, but, even with condoms and other forms of barrier protection, the virus can still be unknowingly passed. And, because a person can be asymptomatic for years, there may be no way to tell who gave the virus to whom. By approaching genital herpes as a medical condition without blame and judgment, you can begin to normalize herpes in your life and not be held captive by society's mistaken attitudes and beliefs. How to Cope With Herpes Stigma Preventing Herpes A herpes diagnosis doesn't mean the end of your sex life. Some strategies can significantly reduce the risk of infection to your partner over the long term. The consistent and proper use of barrier protection is a good place to start. This includes external (male) condoms, internal (female) condoms, and dental dams (used as a barrier for oral sex). With that said, condoms and dental dams do not offer 100% protection against herpes. This is because the virus can be passed through skin-to-skin contact and not all skin can be covered with a condom or dental dam. To further reduce the risk of transmission, you should avoid having vaginal, anal, or oral sex during an active outbreak. You should also stop having sex as soon as you feel an outbreak coming on. This is called the prodromal phase and the virus is actively being shed. Prodromal symptoms are non-specific and can develop hours or days before an outbreak. Early Signs of Herpes Outbreak Prodromal symptoms of genital herpes may include:Localized genital painItching, tingling, or shooting pains in the legs, hips, or buttocksSwollen lymph nodes in the groinMild flu-like symptoms (including headache, muscle aches, and fever) Finally, suppressive therapy reduces the frequency of genital herpes recurrences by up to 70% to 80%, which in turn can reduce the risk of transmission. This preventive strategy requires the partner with herpes to take a daily antiviral pill like Zovirax (acyclovir) to keep the virus under control. By doing so, viral shedding is reduced. Suppressive herpes therapy is recommended for couples where one partner has HSV-2 and the other does not. Dating When You Have Herpes Pregnancy and Family You can get pregnant and have children if you have herpes. Pregnant people with a uterus may be advised to start suppressive therapy a month before their due date to keep the virus fully suppressed. Generally speaking, the risk of mother-to-children transmission of HSV-2 is relatively low. This is because the mother's immune system makes protective antibodies that are passed to the baby through the placenta. If infection were to occur, it would usually happen when the baby passes through the birth canal and comes into contact with active lesions. If there are signs of a herpes outbreak at the time of labor, a cesarean section may be advised to minimize the baby's exposure to affected tissues in and around the birth canal. What to Know About Herpes and Pregnancy Seeking Support Getting to the point where you can wrap your head around a herpes diagnosis can take time. Keeping the news pent up may only add to the stress. Learning to cope can reduce the stress that may actually contribute to a herpes outbreak. To better cope with the diagnosis, seek support from a friend, family member, or colleague you can trust. Find someone who you know will protect your confidentiality and won't be judgmental or an alarmist. If you can't find someone from your family or within your social circles, seek support from a counselor or a support group. Both in-person and online herpes support groups understand what you are going through and can offer advice, support, and medical referrals. If you are still unable to cope and are feeling anxiety or depression, do not hesitate to ask your healthcare provider for a referral to a therapist or psychiatrist who can offer one-on-one or group counseling. If needed, medications can be prescribed to treat extreme anxiety or depression. Summary As troubling as it may be to learn you have genital herpes, you can live a normal, healthy life by taking control of your condition. This starts with educating yourself about what herpes is, how it is passed on, and ways to protect others from infection. By educating yourself, you will be better equipped to disclose the diagnosis to sexual partners and help them seek testing and treatment if needed. It can also help you overcome stigma and chart a path forward that can involve dating, family, and children. If you are struggling to cope, seek support from loved ones, support groups, or healthcare professionals. 11 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Tronstein E. Genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among symptomatic and asymptomatic persons with HSV-2 infection. JAMA. 2011;305(14):1441. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.420 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Herpes patient guide. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Which STD tests should I get? James C, Harfouche M, Welton NJ, et al. Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2020;98(5):315-329. doi:10.2471/BLT.19.237149 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Genital herpes - CDC fact sheet (detailed). Sauerbrei A. Herpes genitalis: diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2016 Dec;76(12):1310–7. doi:10.1055/s-0042-116494 UpToDate. Patient education: genital herpes (beyond the basics). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Genital herpes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. Straface G, Selmin A, Zanardo V, De Santis M, Ercoli A, Scambia G. Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:385697. doi:10.1155/2012/385697 Strachan E, Saracino M, Selke S, Margaret A, Buchwald D, Wald A. The effects of daily distress and personality on genital HSV shedding and lesions in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of acyclovir in HSV-2 seropositive women. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(7):1475-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.06.003 By Elizabeth Boskey, PhD Boskey has a doctorate in biophysics and master's degrees in public health and social work, with expertise in transgender and sexual health. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Medical Expert Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error Submit